Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Zeolite

Zeolite yog lub npe dav dav rau zeolite cov zaub mov, uas yog dej-muaj alkali hlau lossis alkaline ntiaj teb hlau aluminosilicate ntxhia. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm zeolite minerals, nws muab faib ua plaub hom: txee-zoo li, flaky, fibrous thiab unclassified. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov pore system, nws tau muab faib ua ib-dimensional, ob-dimensional thiab peb-dimensional systems. Txhua lub zeolite yog tsim los ntawm silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons thiab txhuas-oxygen tetrahedrons. Tetrahedra tsuas tuaj yeem txuas los ntawm vertices, uas yog, lawv sib koom ib lub atom oxygen, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem txuas los ntawm "ntug" lossis "ntsej muag". Cov txhuas-oxygen tetrahedrons lawv tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem txuas nrog, thiab muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho silicon-oxygen tetrahedron nyob nruab nrab. Lub silicon-oxygen tetrahedra tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha. Cov silicon hauv silicon-oxygen tetrahedron tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm txhuas atoms los ua ib qho txhuas-oxygen tetrahedron. Tab sis cov txhuas atom yog trivalent, yog li nyob rau hauv aluminium-oxygen tetrahedron, lub electron valence ntawm ib tug oxygen atom tsis neutralized, ua rau ib tug nqi imbalance, ua rau tag nrho txhuas-oxygen tetrahedron tsis zoo nqi. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov nruab nrab, yuav tsum muaj cov ions zoo los tiv thaiv nws, feem ntau alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau ions, xws li Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, K, Mg thiab lwm yam hlau ions. Zeolites muaj ntau yam khoom uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb vim lawv cov qauv sab hauv thiab crystallization chemistry.
Lub ntuj zeolites pom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no feem ntau yog lub teeb grey thiab qee zaum nqaij liab. Nws pom tau tias sib zog dua li cov pob zeb zoo tib yam thaum tuav hauv tes. Qhov no yog vim hais tias sab hauv ntawm zeolite yog tag nrho ntawm cov me me qhov thiab raws, uas yog ntau nyuaj tshaj li ib tug honeycomb. Yog tias zeolite piv rau lub tsev so, ces muaj 1 lab "chav" hauv no "super hotel" ntawm 1 cubic micron! Cov chav no tuaj yeem qhib lossis thaiv lub qhov rooj raws li poj niam txiv neej, qhov siab, rog, thiab nyiam nyiam ntawm "cov neeg caij tsheb" (molecules thiab ions). Lawv yuav tsis cia "cov neeg rog" mus rau chav "skinny", thiab lawv yuav tsis cia cov neeg siab mus. Chav nrog ib tug luv luv. Raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm zeolite no, tib neeg siv nws los tshuaj xyuas cov molecules thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev rov qab los ntawm cov khoom hlau xws li tooj liab, txhuas, cadmium, nickel, thiab molybdenum los ntawm cov kua dej khib nyiab.
Zeolite muaj zog xws li adsorption, ion pauv, catalysis, acid tsis kam thiab kub tsis kam, yog li nws yog dav siv los ua adsorbent, ion exchanger thiab catalyst. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau kev ziab roj, purification thiab dej phwj kho. Zeolite kuj muaj "kev noj haus" tus nqi. Ntxiv 5% zeolite hmoov rau pub tuaj yeem ua kom cov nqaij qaib thiab tsiaj txhu loj hlob tuaj, ua rau lawv muaj zog thiab muaj cov nqaij tshiab, thiab nce lawv cov qe ntau lawm.
Vim yog qhov ntxeem tau ntawm silicate ntawm zeolite, muaj qee qhov huab cua nyob rau hauv lub qhov hws me, yog li nws feem ntau siv los tiv thaiv kev tawg tawg. Thaum cua sov, huab cua hauv qhov me me khiav tawm thiab ua lub vaporization nucleus, thiab cov npuas me me tau yooj yim tsim ntawm nws cov npoo thiab cov fab.